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Chinese Gynecology

Blood and viscera of the activities of the body meridians function basically the same men and women.

However, there are women in the uterus dissected organs, there are physiological menstruation, birth pregnancy, birth and breastfeeding education and other characteristics, have been in the pathology, belt, birth, production, miscellaneous diseases and other diseases, resulting in women in the organs, meridians , blood in the event also has its special change. Chinese Gynecology is to use the theory on women in the medical physiology, pathology and prevention of diseases specific to women a clinical discipline. Chinese women’s research include irregular menstruation, uterine bleeding, vaginal discharge, heirs, pregnancy, labor, postpartum, breast disease, Wei Zheng Jia, the former overcast various diseases and miscellaneous diseases.

A Brief History of the development of Chinese Gynecology

Chinese Gynecology is an important part of Chinese medicine, it is gradually formed, development and enrichment. Chinese medicine is the history of obstetrics and gynecology is divided into ten stages:

1. Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties (2197 BC ~ 770 BC) ancestors of ancient times, the accumulated work and life of drugs and medical technologies, to the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and seeds have about giving birth, Prenatal Theory records. Such as “Records of the Chu family” in the “chest profile while the lease,” the difficult birth records. “Xishan Mountains and Seas by}) in service” bone Rong “contraceptive records. “Woman martyr Biography” has prenatal records.

2. Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC ~ 221 BC) During this period, the famous physician Bian Que who had been specializing in obstetrics and gynecology in the medical work, then known as the “taken off the medicine” (gynecologist). “Canon” also has the theory of gynecological records, as the development of obstetrics and gynecology medicine foundation. “Zuo Zhuan” in the “Zhuang http students” giving birth records. There are “men and women the same surname, the students do not Fan” records, clearly detrimental to future generations of inbreeding, this view of Darwin in 1858 than Britain’s 2,500 years earlier discourses, but also for today’s eugenics research meaningful.

3. Han Dynasty (221 BC ~ AD 220), the Qin Dynasty, have been recorded in obstetrics and gynecology medical record. According to “Historical Biography Bian Que public positions,” recorded in the public float on the meaning of Taicang first “patient membership”, which “no less than do Korean women in Hanyue” and “King of beauty pregnant child without milk,” the medical record, is the first obstetrics and gynecology the medical record.

To the Han Dynasty, obstetrics and gynecology has been further developments in the medical system has a “female doctor”, abortion, drugs, conjoined fetus, such as surgical removal of stillbirth the first time records, and the emergence of a number of obstetrics and gynecology monographs.

Mawangdui relics unearthed in the “births books”, is the earliest extant monograph Obstetrics and Gynecology, the book on pregnancy health month put forward some ideas, reflecting the time of pregnancy, births and health awareness.

Zhongjing book “Golden Chamber” The women of three, discusses the pregnancy, vomiting, abdominal pain, pregnancy, postpartum fever, hot room into the blood, vaginal discharge, amenorrhea, Wei Zheng Jia Treatment of such diseases, and vaginal douching and the proposed satisfied that the external treatment drugs. At that time many of the experiences and prescriptions of the effective date. Zhongjing physician with the generation and Warren, is well-known surgeon in ancient China not only successfully carried out abdominal surgery, also successfully conducted surgery removed stillbirth. “Han Hua Chuan” wrote: One London said: ‘stillbirth boring, not implementation of self. ‘Makes exploration (taking away) of the fruit was stillborn, identifiable human form, but the color is black. Lun of skills, all of these also. “It is obvious that the obstetrics and gynecology has developed to a considerable level.

4. Wei and Sui (AD 220 to AD 618) this period, mainly school and pathogenic pulse Syndrome achievements, promote the development of obstetrics and gynecology. Wang Shu Jin Dynasty and the book “Pulse”, according to “Classic” was given the Cunkou principle, summed up the clock before the 3rd century AD, knowledge, theories and methods to diagnose the troubles of systematic, regularized.

Which in obstetrics and gynecology, the proposed “Home by the”, “avoid the years,” said, that “scale is not absolute, true fetal pulse side” and veins identified men and women, describes the production time “away from the meridians,” or “pregnant pregnantfrom the classics, the pulse is floating, set lead lumbar pain for Jinyu life is. ”

Sui Dynasty (AD 610), Chao Yuan Fang’s “theory to treat patients,” was the masterpiece Chinese pathology, including inside and outside, women, children, features five subjects.

Book, a woman sick eight volumes, the first four volumes of gynecological diseases, including menstruation, vaginal discharge, before the negative, breast of various diseases, after four
Volume of obstetric patients, according to pregnancy, the production, giving birth and postnatal classified one by one discussed the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical findings, the content is quite rich.

5. Tang Dynasty (AD 618 ~ 907) following the Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty established a relatively complete medical system, the establishment of the “Big Medicine Department,” which is the highest in the Tang Dynasty medical education and medical institutions specializing in training medical personnel .Development characterized by a gradual trend of medical specialization.

Tang Dynasty, the famous physician Sun Ssu in the book, “Qian Jin Yao Fang” will be out in the frontispiece woman births. Praying for Children extensively discussed, pregnancy, labor pains, no afterbirth, menstruation, vaginal discharge, and miscellaneous diseases, but also brilliantly expounded the perinatal and postnatal care, and more. Wang Tao book “Taiwan Miyao,” also recorded a number of abortion-off method of production, and has noted that the issue of birth control.

At this point, an important feature of the development of obstetrics and gynecology, is the emergence of a more complete theory of the existing obstetric monographs, that blame Yin with the “production treasure.”

6. The Song Dynasty (AD 960 ~ AD 1279) Song Obstetrics and Gynecology has developed into an independent specialist.Requirements set at the national medical education among the nine families have obstetrics. Such as “Genpo prepared to” set: “Imperial Medical Bureau of the amount of three hundred nine students at ten obstetric … … … ….” Obstetrics and Gynecology this period a number of important monographs. Yang Jian, such as the “ten production theory”, Chen Ziming the “woman Daquan recipe,” Zhu Rui chapter “Health Jiabao obstetric prepared to”, Li Shih holy “production theory”, Guo JI in the “woman party” and so on. This period, the greatest achievement in terms of obstetrics and gynecology is Chen Ziming and his book “Woman Daquan prescription}). The book systematically discusses the common diseases of Obstetrics and Gynecology, also refers specifically to the handling of difficult labor. Is a famous monograph of obstetrics and gynecology, was an outstanding work, has been popular 300 years, the Doctors later also have a huge impact.

7. Jin and Yuan Dynasty (AD 1115 ~ AD 1234; 1271 ~ 1368), Jin and Yuan period of time is contending medicine, medical schools began to rise, Liu, Zhang, Li, Zhu Four of Obstetrics and Gynecology made from a different angle contribution. Yuan established 13 family medicine, there is an obstetric.

Kim Won Four academic development, broaden the obstetric and gynecological diagnosis and treatment ideas. Factors such as Liu finished the “Su asked pathogenesis of gas should be a life-saving set of” births discourse: “Young women of child 癸未 days between the lines, as both Shao; Tiangui both lines, all from the Jue Yin of the; menstruation has been extinguished, it is an lunar by people. “laws made for women explained the physiological, as young girls focus on kidney, middle-aged emphasis of Liver, spleen menopause focus on theoretical grounds.

Zhang and the “Confucian pro-door thing}) that” health when on Sibu, drug treatment when the attack on the “use of sweat, spit, under the three methods to drive disease, this view was also commonly used in gynecology. The book also records the hook to take the stillbirth of success stories, the book forms Volume 7, internal injuries, said: “Another woman in labor … … … … son died of acute abdominal scales to take the hook, continue to strengthen their rope hook the stillbirth … … … … . “created a Chinese midwife obstetric surgery instruments set a precedent. Li Guo that the “internal damage the spleen and stomach, sickness beginning students”, treatment focuses on application of the law Spleen Sun dehumidifier, this method is also widely used in gynecology and received good results. His book “Blue Room cache of” the theory: “the woman vaginal bleeding, a kidney deficiency of water, not fire-guarding the envelope, so the blood can go and collapse.” Menstrual today (mainly the “DUB”) The treatment is instructive.Zhu Zhenheng’s “more than often Yang, Yin often inadequate,” said the emphasis on saving sex fluid treatment of gynecological Taiqian disease, post-natal illness to some of the principles in the clinical treatment of some reference value. Zhu Zhenheng in the “Ge Zhi Yu on” impregnated on said: “The yin and yang, intercourse, pregnancy is the fetal coagulation, the possession of the Department, it is called the uterus, a series in the next, there are two differences, one of the left, one up on the right.” The first clear description of the uterine morphology.

8. Ming Dynasty (1368 ~ 1644) Ming’s medical system and medical education located 13 families, according to the Ming Dynasty, “a hundred Shangguan” records and Gynecology. During gynecological monograph more. There has been significant Xue’s “Xue Medical Records”, “Female Division Summary”, “School Notes woman recipe.” MASS was the “heir widely credited to”, “the woman secret families.” Wang Kentang with the “yardstick Treatment of female subjects.”

Martial looking at the “Jiyin outline.” Li’s book “Compendium of Materia Medica”, “eight extra test,” and “near Lake pulse diagnostics,” Zhao Yang Kui was the “Handan manuscripts.”Zhang Jie-bin with the “Jing Yue Quan Shu” and so on. These monographs and relevant expositions gynecology, gynecological diseases have a brilliant expositions, greatly enriched the content of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The “million’s Gynecology”, “Guang Si Minutes”, “Treatment of female subjects yardstick”, “Jing Yue Quan Shu woman rules” can be called masterpieces of obstetrics and gynecology at that time.

9. Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China (AD 1636 ~ AD 1949), collectively referred to as the Qing Dynasty to Obstetrics and Gynecology or female subjects. Obstetrics and Gynecology more books in the Qing Dynasty, is also wide spread. Fu Shan book as the “Fu Qing Zhu female subjects”, Xiao Geng six with the “female subjects Jinglun,” vegetarian Buddhist urgent book of the “Dasheng chapter,” Meng-Lei compiled the “integration of ancient and modern books the Department of Medical Xerox” gynecological 20 volumes, edited by Wu Qian and so the “Golden Mirror of Medicine Gynecological miscellaneous tips,” Chen Nianzu with the “essence of female subjects”, Shen Yao sealed with the “Women’s Division Series to Shen,” Chen select the “sarcophagus secret record}), XU Da-chun’s “Lantai criterion,” Ye Tianshi’s “Ye Tianshi female subjects”, Shen Jin Ao “female subjects three feet,” Wu Daoyuan “female Couchepin to,” Chen Lianfang’s “secret gynecological Daquan)}, Yan Cheng Zhai “births Heart”, Wang Puzhai the “obstetric Heart”, a single support Yin’s “births book,” says Chang Yao Sun’s “production pregnant set,” Wang Qing-ren’s “medical Lin Correction,” Tang Yung-Chuan’s “Blood s)} and so on, developments in obstetrics and gynecology has a greater impact.

Republic of the larger works include Zhang Xi-chun with gynecologic the “Medical Zhong parameter West recorded”, and Jian Zhang Shan Lei is the “Women’s Division Series to Shen Jian is.”

Obstetrics and Gynecology in Qing Dynasty nearly monographs, no less than dozens of existing in the theory and practice of a large devaluation, “Fu Qing Zhu female subjects”, “Dasheng articles”, “Golden Mirror of Medicine Gynecological miscellaneous tips” and “Women’s Division Series to Shen.”

10. Republic of China after the establishment of the development of gynecology (AD 1949) after the establishment of the People’s Republic, Chinese medicine has been greatly developed, Chinese Gynecology further consolidation and improvement. After 1956 in the provinces have established School of Medicine, has prepared five consecutive edition of “Chinese Gynecology” unified teaching materials, published “The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine Gynecology”, teaching reference books, “Chinese Gynecology”, has also written over a number of internal materials and gynecology monographs.Carried out doctors and masters of different levels of medical education and training a large number of Chinese gynecology talent.